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背景

Selenium是一個用于Web應用程序測試的工具。Selenium測試直接運行在瀏覽器中，就像真正的用戶在操作一樣。而對于爬蟲來說，使用Selenium操控瀏覽器來爬取網(wǎng)上的數(shù)據(jù)那么肯定是爬蟲中的殺手武器。這里，我將介紹selenium + 谷歌瀏覽器的一般使用。

需求

在平常的爬蟲開發(fā)中，有時候網(wǎng)頁是一堆js堆起來的代碼，涉及很多異步計算，如果是普通的http 控制臺請求，那么得到的源文件是一堆js ，需要自己在去組裝數(shù)據(jù)，很費力；但是采用Selenium+ChromeDriver可以達到所見即所得的完美效果。

實現(xiàn)方式

項目結構：為了方便使用，用的winform程序，附nuget包

以下是form1.cs的代碼，這里就只放關鍵方法代碼了。需要安裝最新的chrome瀏覽器+代碼中使用的chromedriver是 v2.9.248315

private void crawlingWebFunc()
{
    SetText("\r\n開始嘗試...");
    List<testfold> surls = new List<testfold>();
    string path = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\圖片url\\";
    DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo(path);
    DirectoryInfo[] dics = root.GetDirectories();
    foreach (var itemdic in dics)
    {
        string txt = "";
        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(itemdic.FullName + "\\data.txt");
        while (!sr.EndOfStream)
        {
            string str = sr.ReadLine();
            txt += str;// + "\n";
        }
        sr.Close();
        surls.Add(new testfold() { key = itemdic.FullName, picurl = txt });
    }
    ChromeDriverService service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(System.Environment.CurrentDirectory);
    //  service.HideCommandPromptWindow = true;
    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.AddArguments("--test-type", "--ignore-certificate-errors");
    options.AddArgument("enable-automation");
    //   options.AddArgument("headless");
    //  options.AddArguments("--proxy-server=http://user:password@yourProxyServer.com:8080");
    using (IWebDriver driver = new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver(service, options, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(120)))
    {
        driver.Url = "https://www.1688.com/";
        Thread.Sleep(200);
        try
        {
            int a = 1;
            foreach (var itemsurls in surls)
            {
                SetText("\r\n第" + a.ToString() + "個");
                driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(itemsurls.picurl);
                //登錄
                if (driver.Url.Contains("login.1688.com"))
                {
                    SetText("\r\n需要登錄，開始嘗試...");
                    trylogin(driver); //嘗試登錄完成
                                      //再試試        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://s.1688.com/youyuan/index.htm?tab=imageSearch&imageType=oss&imageAddress=cbuimgsearch/eWXC7XHHPN1607529600000&spm=");
                    if (driver.Url.Contains("login.1688.com"))
                    {
                        //沒辦法退出
                        SetText("\r\n退出，換ip重試...");
                        return;
                    }
                }
                //鼠標放上去的內(nèi)容因為頁面自帶只能顯示一個的原因 沒辦法做到全部顯示 然后在下載 只能是其他方式下載
                //  var elements = document.getElementsByClassName(''hover-container'');
                //  Array.prototype.forEach.call(elements, function(element) {
                //  element.style.display = "block";
                //   console.log(element);
                //  });
                //   IJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor)driver;
                //    var sss = js.ExecuteScript(" var elements = document.getElementsByClassName(''hover-container'');  Array.prototype.forEach.call(elements, function(element) {  console.log(element); element.setAttribute(\"class\", \"測試title\");  element.style.display = \"block\";  console.log(element); });");
                Thread.Sleep(500);
                var responseModel = Write(itemsurls.key, driver.PageSource, Pagetypeenum.列表);
                Thread.Sleep(500);
                int i = 1;
                foreach (var offer in responseModel?.data?.offerList ?? new List<OfferItemModel>())
                { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(offer.information.detailUrl);
                    string responseDatadetail = driver.PageSource;
                    Write(itemsurls.key, driver.PageSource, Pagetypeenum.詳情);
                    SetText("\r\n第" + a.ToString() + "-" + i.ToString() + "個");
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            CloseChromeDriver(driver);
            throw;
        }
    }
}


#region 異常  退出chromedriver
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
private extern static IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, int wParam, int lParam);
public const int SW_HIDE = 0;
public const int SW_SHOW = 5;
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindow")]
public static extern int ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd, int nCmdShow);

/// <summary>
/// 獲取窗口句柄
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IntPtr GetWindowHandle()
{
    string name = (Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\chromedriver.exe");
    IntPtr hwd = FindWindow(null, name);
    return hwd;
}

/// <summary>
/// 關閉chromedriver窗口
/// </summary>
public void CloseWindow()
{
    try
    {
        IntPtr hwd = GetWindowHandle();
        SendMessage(hwd, 0x10, 0, 0);
    }
    catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// 退出chromedriver
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driver"></param>
public void CloseChromeDriver(IWebDriver driver)
{
    try
    {
        driver.Quit();
        driver.Dispose();
    }
    catch { }
    CloseWindow();
}

總結

說一下思路:

1、跳轉到指定的網(wǎng)頁driver.Navigate().GoToUrl；

2、確定數(shù)據(jù)源，從driver.PageSource讀取數(shù)據(jù)；

3、對html數(shù)據(jù)進行解析。